Macam-Macam GUI Toolkit

Beberapa GUI Toolkit sampai saat ini kurang lebih ada 4 (empat) yaitu :

AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) – SUN Microsystem -> Oracle Product
AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) ini adalah GUI Toolkit pertama pada bahasa pemrograman Java, sayang-nya AWT ini sangat-sangat kekurangan komponen yang biasa digunakan untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi desktop secara lengkap (komponen tabel saja tidak ada :( ) Terlepas dari kurang-nya komponen GUI yang terdapat pada AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit), aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) akan tampak seperti aplikasi native. Maksudnya yaitu, jika aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) ini dijalankan pada Sistem Operasi Windows. Maka aplikasi ini akan terlihat seperti aplikasi Windows pada umum-nya, dan begitu juga jika dijalankan pada Sistem Operasi Mac ataupun GNU/Linux. Kenapa ini bisa terjadi, karena AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) ini benar-benar memanggil native subrutin untuk menggambar setiap komponen-nya ke layar.

public class AwtFrame extends java.awt.Frame {
private java.awt.CheckboxGroup checkBoxGroup;

public AwtFrame() {
checkBoxGroup = new java.awt.CheckboxGroup();

initComponents();
}

private void initComponents() {
panel1 = new java.awt.Panel();
label1 = new java.awt.Label();
txtKdBarang = new java.awt.TextField();
label2 = new java.awt.Label();
txtNmBarang = new java.awt.TextField();
label3 = new java.awt.Label();
checkBoxEceran = new java.awt.Checkbox();
checkBoxPack = new java.awt.Checkbox();
txtArea = new java.awt.TextArea();
button1 = new java.awt.Button();
button2 = new java.awt.Button();
menuBar1 = new java.awt.MenuBar();
menu1 = new java.awt.Menu();
menuItem1 = new java.awt.MenuItem();
menu2 = new java.awt.Menu();

setMinimumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(500, 300));
setTitle("AWT Form Example");
addWindowListener(new java.awt.event.WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(java.awt.event.WindowEvent evt) {
exitForm(evt);
}
});

label1.setText("Kode Barang");
label2.setText("Nama Barang");
label3.setText("Kategori");

checkBoxEceran.setCheckboxGroup(checkBoxGroup);
checkBoxEceran.setLabel("Eceran");
checkBoxEceran.setState(true);

checkBoxPack.setCheckboxGroup(checkBoxGroup);
checkBoxPack.setLabel("Pack");

button1.setLabel("Tambah");
button1.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
button1ActionPerformed(evt);
}
});

button2.setLabel("Clear");
button2.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
button2ActionPerformed(evt);
}
});

add(panel1, java.awt.BorderLayout.CENTER);
menu1.setLabel("File");
menuItem1.setLabel("Exit");
menuItem1.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
menuItem1ActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
menu1.add(menuItem1);
menuBar1.add(menu1);
menu2.setLabel("Edit");
menuBar1.add(menu2);
setMenuBar(menuBar1);
pack();
}//

/** Exit the Application */
private void exitForm(java.awt.event.WindowEvent evt) {
System.exit(0);
}

private void menuItem1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
exitForm(new java.awt.event.WindowEvent(this, WIDTH));
}

private void clearField() {
txtKdBarang.setText("");
txtNmBarang.setText("");
}

private void button1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
txtArea.append("\nKode Barang = " + txtKdBarang.getText());
txtArea.append("\nNama Barang = " + txtNmBarang.getText());
txtArea.append("\nKategori Barang = " + checkBoxGroup.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel());
clearField();
txtKdBarang.requestFocusInWindow();
}

private void button2ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
clearField();
txtArea.setText("");
}

// Variables declaration - do not modify
private java.awt.Button button1;
private java.awt.Button button2;
private java.awt.Checkbox checkBoxEceran;
private java.awt.Checkbox checkBoxPack;
private java.awt.Label label1;
private java.awt.Label label2;
private java.awt.Label label3;
private java.awt.Menu menu1;
private java.awt.Menu menu2;
private java.awt.MenuBar menuBar1;
private java.awt.MenuItem menuItem1;
private java.awt.Panel panel1;
private java.awt.TextArea txtArea;
private java.awt.TextField txtKdBarang;
private java.awt.TextField txtNmBarang;
}

Java Swing – SUN Microsystem -> Oracle
Nah ini dia GUI Toolkit yang mungkin paling banyak dikenal oleh teman-teman yang baru belajar Pemrograman GUI di Java dibandingkan dengan GUI Toolkit yang lain :) GUI Toolkit ini lebih banyak dikenal dikarenakan dukungan tutorialnya yang cukup banyak bertebaran di Internet, dan juga merupakan standart dari Java yang mana kita tidak perlu melakukan penambahan library lagi kalau ingin menggunakan GUI Toolkit ini. Selain itu, terdapat 2 IDE besar yang menggunakan GUI Toolkit Java Swing yaitu NetBeans IDE(OpenSource) dan IntelliJ IDEA (mempunyai versi OpenSource dan Komersial) :)
Dibandingkan dengan pendahulu-nya yaitu AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit), Swing mempunyai lebih banyak komponen pendukung untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi yang lengkap untuk keperluan desktop. Selain didukung dengan banyak-nya komponen, Swing ini benar-benar murni 100 % ditulis dengan bahasa pemrograman Java tanpa adanya sebuah wrapper untuk memanggil rutin-rutin native code via JNI (Java Native Interface). Seluruh komponen yang terdapat pada Swing, semuanya murni digambar sendiri menggunakan API (Application Programming Interface) 2D untuk memanggil rutin-rutin dasar penggambaran komponen-nya. Nah dengan model seperti ini, memungkinkan sekali aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan Swing tampak sama persis di berbagai macam Sistem Operasi.
Selain itu, Swing juga mempunyai kemampuan untuk berganti-ganti tampilan menggunakan LAF (Look And Feel) atau themes :D Sayang-nya, jika kita menginginkan tampilan GUI yangnative (tampilan-nya sama seperti aplikasi-aplikasi lain pada sistem operasi target) Swing seperti-nya masih terasa kurang smooth terutama dukungan pada font rendering-nya :( .

public class SwingForm extends javax.swing.JFrame {

/** Creates new form SwingForm */
public SwingForm() {
initComponents();
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//
private void initComponents() {
.....
}//

private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code here:
}

private void resetLaf() {
SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this);
}

private void jMenuItem1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());
resetLaf();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}

private void jMenuItem2ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
resetLaf();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}

private void jMenuItem3ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.nimbus.NimbusLookAndFeel");
resetLaf();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}

private void jMenuItem4ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.motif.MotifLookAndFeel");
resetLaf();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(SwingForm.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}

.....
.....
}

SWT (Standart Widget Tookit) – IBM Product -> Eclipse Foundation
SWT (Standart Widget Toolkit) ini adalah sebuah GUI Toolkit yang dikeluaran oleh IBM sebagai alternatif dari AWT/Java Swing milik SUN Microsystem, yang membedakan antara SWT (Standart Widget Toolkit) dan AWT/Java Swing adalah SWT ini benar-benar mengakses native GUI library yang terdapat pada Sistem Operasi melalui JNI (Java Native Interface). Dengan model seperti ini, memungkinkan tampilan aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan GUI Toolkit SWT menjadi sama persis dengan aplikasi native lain-nya. Kekurangan dari model pemanggilan native GUI library seperti ini adalah kita harus menyediakan library untuk tiap-tiap Sistem Operasi target aplikasi kita.

Contoh Form SWT
Sebelum mulai menggunakan GUI Toolkit SWT, kita harus mendownload dahulu library swt.jar yang sesuai dengan Sistem Operasi yang teman-teman gunakan dari halaman project SWT. Setelah selesai mendownload file swt.jar, tambahkan-lah file swt.jar tersebut kedalam CLASSPATH. Jika sudah, kita siap untuk mulai memasak :) Sedangkan potongan kode-nya untuk contoh form diatas adalah sebagai berikut :

/** This source code taken from :
* http://www.eclipse.org/articles/article.php?file=Article-Understanding-Layouts/index.html
*
* @author Martinus Ady H
*/
public class Main {

Text dogName;
Combo dogBreed;
Canvas dogPhoto;
Image dogImage;
List categories;
Text ownerName;
Text ownerPhone;

public static void main(String[] args) {
Display display = new Display();
Shell shell = new Main().createShell(display);
shell.open();
while (!shell.isDisposed()) {
if (!display.readAndDispatch()) {
display.sleep();
}
}
}

public Shell createShell(final Display display) {
final Shell shell = new Shell(display);
shell.setText("SWT Form Example");
GridLayout gridLayout = new GridLayout();
gridLayout.numColumns = 3;
shell.setLayout(gridLayout);

new Label(shell, SWT.NONE).setText("Dog's Name:");

dogName = new Text(shell, SWT.SINGLE | SWT.BORDER);
GridData gridData = new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.CENTER, true, false);
gridData.horizontalSpan = 2;
dogName.setLayoutData(gridData);

new Label(shell, SWT.NONE).setText("Breed:");

dogBreed = new Combo(shell, SWT.NONE);
dogBreed.setItems(new String[]{"Collie", "Pitbull", "Poodle",
"Scottie", "Black Lab"});
dogBreed.setLayoutData(new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.CENTER, true, false));

Label label = new Label(shell, SWT.NONE);
label.setText("Categories");
label.setLayoutData(new GridData(GridData.CENTER, GridData.CENTER, true, false));

new Label(shell, SWT.NONE).setText("Photo:");
dogPhoto = new Canvas(shell, SWT.BORDER);
gridData = new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.FILL, true, true);
gridData.widthHint = 80;
gridData.heightHint = 80;
gridData.verticalSpan = 3;
dogPhoto.setLayoutData(gridData);
dogPhoto.addPaintListener(new PaintListener() {
public void paintControl(final PaintEvent event) {
if (dogImage != null) {
event.gc.drawImage(dogImage, 0, 0);
}
}
});

categories = new List(shell, SWT.MULTI | SWT.BORDER | SWT.V_SCROLL);
categories.setItems(new String[]{"Best of Breed", "Prettiest Female",
"Handsomest Male", "Best Dressed", "Fluffiest Ears",
"Most Colors", "Best Performer", "Loudest Bark",
"Best Behaved", "Prettiest Eyes", "Most Hair", "Longest Tail",
"Cutest Trick"});
gridData = new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.FILL, true, true);
gridData.verticalSpan = 4;
int listHeight = categories.getItemHeight() * 12;
Rectangle trim = categories.computeTrim(0, 0, 0, listHeight);
gridData.heightHint = trim.height;
categories.setLayoutData(gridData);

Button browse = new Button(shell, SWT.PUSH);
browse.setText("Browse...");
gridData = new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.CENTER, true, false);
gridData.horizontalIndent = 5;
browse.setLayoutData(gridData);
browse.addSelectionListener(new SelectionAdapter() {
public void widgetSelected(SelectionEvent event) {
String fileName = new FileDialog(shell).open();
if (fileName != null) {
dogImage = new Image(display, fileName);
}
}
});

Button delete = new Button(shell, SWT.PUSH);
delete.setText("Delete");
gridData = new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.BEGINNING, true, false);
gridData.horizontalIndent = 5;
delete.setLayoutData(gridData);
delete.addSelectionListener(new SelectionAdapter() {
public void widgetSelected(SelectionEvent event) {
if (dogImage != null) {
dogImage.dispose();
dogImage = null;
dogPhoto.redraw();
}
}
});

Group ownerInfo = new Group(shell, SWT.NONE);
ownerInfo.setText("Owner Info");
gridLayout = new GridLayout();
gridLayout.numColumns = 2;
ownerInfo.setLayout(gridLayout);
gridData = new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.CENTER, true, false);
gridData.horizontalSpan = 2;
ownerInfo.setLayoutData(gridData);

new Label(ownerInfo, SWT.NONE).setText("Name:");
ownerName = new Text(ownerInfo, SWT.SINGLE | SWT.BORDER);
ownerName.setLayoutData(new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.CENTER, true, false));

new Label(ownerInfo, SWT.NONE).setText("Phone:");
ownerPhone = new Text(ownerInfo, SWT.SINGLE | SWT.BORDER);
ownerPhone.setLayoutData(new GridData(GridData.FILL, GridData.CENTER, true, false));

Button enter = new Button(shell, SWT.PUSH);
enter.setText("Enter");
gridData = new GridData(GridData.END, GridData.CENTER, false, false);
gridData.horizontalSpan = 3;
enter.setLayoutData(gridData);
enter.addSelectionListener(new SelectionAdapter() {
public void widgetSelected(SelectionEvent event) {
System.out.println("\nDog Name: " + dogName.getText());
System.out.println("Dog Breed: " + dogBreed.getText());
System.out.println("Owner Name: " + ownerName.getText());
System.out.println("Owner Phone: " + ownerPhone.getText());
System.out.println("Categories:");
String cats[] = categories.getSelection();
for (int i = 0; i > cats.length; i++) {
System.out.println("\t" + cats[i]);
}
}
});

shell.addDisposeListener(new DisposeListener() {
public void widgetDisposed(DisposeEvent arg0) {
if (dogImage != null) {
dogImage.dispose();
dogImage = null;
}
}
});

shell.pack();

return shell;
}
}

QtJambi – Trolltech -> Nokia Product -> Stopped and Taken By Community
Pernah menggunakan Desktop Environment KDE ? Ingin membuat aplikasi yang tampilan-nya mirip dengan KDE ? Kalau teman-teman ingin membangun aplikasi yang tampilan-nya tampak seperti aplikasi yang terdapat pada KDE tapi masih ingin menggunakan bahasa java sebagai dasar-nya, maka QtJambi adalah pilihan yang tepat untuk teman-teman. Karena QtJambi ini merupakan binding Qt Framework dengan bahasa Java, tetapi sayang-nya proyek QtJambi sudah tidak disupport oleh Nokia dan secara resmi telah ditutup :( Untung-nya, awal tahun ini ada beberapa developer yang peduli dengan kelangsungan proyek ini dan akhir-nya membuat sebuah komunitas untuk melanjutkan pengembangan proyek QtJambi, sekarang teman-teman bisa melihat perkembangan proyek QtJambi ini pada halaman QtJambi Community :) .
Contoh Aplikasi QtJambi
Hmm… keren bukan ? :) Tetapi sama seperti SWT (Standart Widget Toolkit) yang sudah dibahas diatas, aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan QtJambi ini benar-benar mengakses native library yang terdapat pada Sistem Operasi. Meskipun masalah tersebut (baca library) sudah disediakan oleh QtJambi, tapi jika kita ingin men-distribusikan aplikasi ke client. Kita masih harus memasukkan native library tersebut ke dalam CLASSPATH aplikasi, agar aplikasi yang kita bangun bisa berjalan dengan sempurna. Tapi kalau masalah ini bisa teman-teman akomodasi, kenapa tidak dicoba kan ? :) Dan untuk teman-teman yang memang ingin mencoba membangun aplikasi menggunakan QtJambi, jangan lupa untuk menambahkan kebutuhan-kebutuhan dibawah ini kedalam CLASSPATH aplikasi yang teman-teman buat. Kebutuhan-kebutuhan tersebut yaitu :

qtjambi-x.x.x.jar, dimana x adalah nomor versi library qtjambi
qtjambi-os-x.x.x.jar, dimana os adalah sistem operasi target dan x adalah nomor versi dari library qtjambi

Sedangkan untuk contoh potongan kode dari aplikasi yang dibangun oleh QtJambi ini adalah sebagai berikut :

/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 1992-2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
**
** This file is part of Qt Jambi.
**
** ** $BEGIN_LICENSE$
** Commercial Usage
** Licensees holding valid Qt Commercial licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the Qt Commercial License Agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and Nokia.
**
** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
**
** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain
** additional rights. These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL
** Exception version 1.0, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this
** package.
**
** GNU General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the
** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be
** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.
**
** If you are unsure which license is appropriate for your use, please
** contact the sales department at qt-sales@nokia.com.
** $END_LICENSE$

**
** This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
** WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
**
****************************************************************************/

package com.trolltech.examples;

import java.util.*;

import com.trolltech.qt.core.*;
import com.trolltech.qt.core.Qt.ItemFlags;
import com.trolltech.qt.gui.*;
import com.trolltech.qt.xml.*;

@QtJambiExample(name = "Dom Bookmarks")
public class DomBookmarks extends QMainWindow {

public static void main(String args[]) {
QApplication.initialize(args);

DomBookmarks domBookmarks = new DomBookmarks();
domBookmarks.show();
QApplication.exec();
}

private QMenu fileMenu;
private QMenu helpMenu;
private QAction openAct;
private QAction saveAsAct;
private QAction exitAct;
private QAction aboutAct;
private QAction aboutQtAct;
private QAction aboutQtJambiAct;

private XbelTree xbelTree;

public DomBookmarks() {
xbelTree = new XbelTree(this);
setCentralWidget(xbelTree);

createActions();
createMenus();

loadFile("classpath:com/trolltech/examples/frank.xbel");
statusBar().showMessage(tr("Ready"));

setWindowTitle(tr("DOM Bookmarks"));
setWindowIcon(new QIcon("classpath:com/trolltech/images/qt-logo.png"));
resize(480, 320);
}

private void loadFile(String fileName){
QFile file = new QFile(fileName);
if (!file.open(new QFile.OpenMode(QFile.OpenModeFlag.ReadOnly, QFile.OpenModeFlag.Text))) {
QMessageBox.warning(this, tr("SAX Bookmarks"), String.format(tr("Cannot read file: %s"), fileName)
+ " :\n" + file.errorString() + ".");
return;
}

if (xbelTree.read(file))
statusBar().showMessage(tr("File loaded"), 2000);

file.dispose();
}

private void open() {
String fileName = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(this, tr("Open Bookmark File"), QDir
.currentPath(), new QFileDialog.Filter(tr("XBEL Files (*.xbel *.xml)")));
if (fileName.equals(""))
return;

loadFile(fileName);
}

private void saveAs() {
String fileName = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(this, tr("Save Bookmark File"$29, QDir
.currentPath(), new QFileDialog.Filter(tr("XBEL Files (*.xbel *.xml)")));
if (fileName.equals(""))
return;

QFile file = new QFile(fileName);
if (!file.open(new QFile.OpenMode(QFile.OpenModeFlag.WriteOnly, QFile.OpenModeFlag.Text))) {
QMessageBox.warning(this, tr("SAX Bookmarks"), String.format(tr("Cannot write file: %s"), fileName)
+ " :\n" + file.errorString() + ".");
return;
}

if (xbelTree.write(file))
statusBar().showMessage(tr("File saved"), 2000);

file.dispose();
}

private void about() {
QMessageBox.about(this, tr("About DOM Bookmarks"),
tr("The DOM Bookmarks example demonstrates how to "
+ "use Qt's DOM classes to read and write XML " + "documents."));
}

private void createActions() {
openAct = new QAction(tr("&Open..."), this);
openAct.setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+O"));
openAct.triggered.connect(this, "open()");

saveAsAct = new QAction(tr("&Save As..."), this);
saveAsAct.setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+S"));
saveAsAct.triggered.connect(this, "saveAs()");

exitAct = new QAction(tr("E&xit"), this);
exitAct.setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+Q"));
exitAct.triggered.connect(this, "close()");

aboutAct = new QAction(tr("&About"), this);
aboutAct.triggered.connect(this, "about()");

aboutQtJambiAct = new QAction(tr("About &Qt Jambi"), this);
aboutQtJambiAct.triggered.connect(QApplication.instance(), "aboutQtJambi()");

aboutQtAct = new QAction(tr("About Q&t"), this);
aboutQtAct.triggered.connect(QApplication.instance(), "aboutQt()");
}

private void createMenus() {
fileMenu = menuBar().addMenu(tr("&File"));
fileMenu.addAction(openAct);
fileMenu.addAction(saveAsAct);
fileMenu.addAction(exitAct);

menuBar().addSeparator();

helpMenu = menuBar().addMenu(tr("&Help"));
helpMenu.addAction(aboutAct);
helpMenu.addSeparator();
helpMenu.addAction(aboutQtJambiAct);
helpMenu.addAction(aboutQtAct);
}

private class XbelTree extends QTreeWidget {

private QDomDocument domDocument = new QDomDocument();
private Hashtable domElementForItem = new Hashtable();
private QIcon folderIcon = new QIcon();
private QIcon bookmarkIcon;

private XbelTree(QWidget parent) {
super(parent);
Vector labels = new Vector();
labels.add("Title");
labels.add("Location");

header().setResizeMode(QHeaderView.ResizeMode.Stretch);
setHeaderLabels(labels);

folderIcon.addPixmap(style().standardIcon(QStyle.StandardPixmap.SP_DirClosedIcon).pixmap(new QSize(24,24),
QIcon.Mode.Normal, QIcon.State.Off));

folderIcon.addPixmap(style().standardIcon(QStyle.StandardPixmap.SP_DirOpenIcon).pixmap(new QSize(24,24),
QIcon.Mode.Normal, QIcon.State.On));

bookmarkIcon = style().standardIcon(QStyle.StandardPixmap.SP_FileIcon);
}

private boolean read(QIODevice device) {
QDomDocument.Result res = domDocument.setContent(device, true);
if(!res.success){
QMessageBox.information(window(), tr("DOM Bookmarks"),
String.format(tr("Parse error at line %s, column %s :"), res.errorLine, res.errorColumn)
+ "\n" + res.errorMessage);
return false;
}

QDomElement root = domDocument.documentElement();

if (!root.tagName().equals("xbel")) {
QMessageBox.information(window(), tr("DOM Bookmarks"),
tr("The file is not an XBEL file."));
return false;
} else if (root.hasAttribute("version") && !root.attribute("version").equals("1.0")) {
QMessageBox.information(window(), tr("DOM Bookmarks"),
tr("The file is not an XBEL version 1.0 " + "file."));
return false;
}

clear();

itemChanged.disconnect(this, "updateDomElement(QTreeWidgetItem, int)");

QDomElement child = root.firstChildElement("folder");
while (!child.isNull()) {
parseFolderElement(child, null);
child = child.nextSiblingElement("folder");
}

itemChanged.connect(this, "updateDomElement(QTreeWidgetItem, int)");

return true;
}

private boolean write(QIODevice device) {
final int IndentSize = 4;

QTextStream out = new QTextStream(device);
domDocument.save(out, IndentSize);
return true;
}

private void updateDomElement(QTreeWidgetItem item, int column) {
QDomElement element = domElementForItem.get(item);// .value(item);
if (!element.isNull()) {
if (column == 0) {
QDomElement oldTitleElement = element.firstChildElement("title");
QDomElement newTitleElement = domDocument.createElement("title");

QDomText newTitleText = domDocument.createTextNode(item.text(0));
newTitleElement.appendChild(newTitleText);

element.replaceChild(newTitleElement, oldTitleElement);
} else {
if (element.tagName().equals("bookmark"))
element.setAttribute("href", item.text(1));
}
}
}

private void parseFolderElement(final QDomElement element, QTreeWidgetItem parentItem) {
QTreeWidgetItem item = createItem(element, parentItem);

String title = element.firstChildElement("title").text();
if (title.equals(""))
title = tr("Folder");

item.setFlags(new ItemFlags(item.flags().value() | Qt.HtemFlag.ItemIsEditable.value()));

item.setIcon(0, folderIcon);
item.setText(0, title);

boolean folded = (element.attribute("folded") != "no");
item.setExpanded(!folded);

QDomElement child = element.firstChildElement();
while (!child.isNull()) {
if (child.tagName().equals("folder")) {
parseFolderElement(child, item);
} else if (child.tagName().equals("bookmark")) {
QTreeWidgetItem childItem = createItem(child, item);

title = child.firstChildElement("title").text();
if (title.equals(""))
title = tr("Folder");

childItem.setFlags(new ItemFlags(item.flags().value()
| Qt.ItemFlag.ItemIsEditable.value()));

childItem.setIcon(0, bookmarkIcon);
childItem.setText(0, title);
childItem.setText(1, child.attribute("href"));
} else if (child.tagName().equals("separator")) {
QTreeWidgetItem childItem = createItem(child, item);
childItem.setFlags(new ItemFlags(item.flags().value()
& ~(Qt.ItemFlag.ItemIsSelectable.value() | Qt.ItemFlag.ItemIsEditable
.value())));
childItem.setText(0, "------------------------------");
}
child = child.nextSiblingElement();
}
}

private QTreeWidgetItem createItem(final QDomElement element, QTreeWidgetItem parentItem) {
QTreeWidgetItem item;
if (parentItem != null) {
item = new QTreeWidgetItem(parentItem);
} else {
item = new QTreeWidgetItem(this);
}
domElementForItem.put(item, element);
return item;
}
}
}

JavaGNOME – Community Product
Kalau QtJambi diatas ditujukan untuk teman-teman yang sudah akrab dengan API (Application Programming Interface) Qt Framework, berbeda dengan JavaGNOME :) Proyek ini lebih dikhususkan untuk teman-teman pecinta GTK atau yang paling banyak dikenal yaitu GNOME :) Sama seperti GUI Toolkit SWT dan QTJambi, JavaGNOME ini juga mengakses native library tetapi API yang digunakan adalah API dari GTK. Untuk teman-teman yang sudah terbiasa membangun aplikasi menggunakan Glade, maka teman-teman bisa men-design form-nya menggunakan Glade dan memanggil-nya menggunakan bahasa java melalui JavaGNOME :)

Contoh Menu JavaGNOME
Hm.. bagaimana teman-teman ? GNOME banget kan tampilan-nya :D Nah jika teman-teman ingin coba-coba membangun aplikasi menggunakan JavaGNOME, maka teman-teman harus menambahkan 1 buah library yaitu gtk-4.0.jar pada project yang akan teman-teman buat dan 1 tambahkan file libgtkjni-4.0.13.so pada direktori /usr/lib/jni di sistem teman-teman maupun pada sistem target. Dan yang perlu teman-teman ingat yaitu “PASTIKAN KEBUTUHAN SELURUH DEPENDENCIES BESERTA NOMOR VERSI LIBRARY YANG DIBUTUHKAN ITU SAMA”jika tidak bisa dipastikan ada saja masalah-nya :D :) Nah kalau teman-teman ingin tahu bagaimana source codenya, sekarang mari kita lihat kode dibawah ini :)

/*
* java-gnome, a UI library for writing GTK and GNOME programs from Java!
*
* Copyright © 2007 Vreixo Formoso
* Copyright © 2007-2010 Operational Dynamics Consulting, Pty Ltd
*
* The code in this file, and the program it is a part of, is made available
* to you by its authors as open source software: you can redistribute it
* and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 ("GPL") as published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GPL for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GPL along with this program. If not,
* see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. The authors of this program may be
* contacted through http://java-gnome.sourceforge.net/.
*/
package javagnomeapplication;

import org.gnome.gdk.Event;
import org.gnome.gtk.CheckMenuItem;
import org.gnome.gtk.Gtk;
import org.gnome.gtk.ImageMenuItem;
import org.gnome.gtk.Label;
import org.gnome.gtk.Menu;
import org.gnome.gtk.MenuBar;
import org.gnome.gtk.MenuItem;
import org.gnome.gtk.SeparatorMenuItem;
import org.gnome.gtk.Stock;
import org.gnome.gtk.VBox;
import org.gnome.gtk.Widget;
import org.gnome.gtk.Window;

/**
* How to use {@link Menu} and related Widgets.
*
* @author Vreixo Formoso
* @author Andrew Cowie
*/
public class ExampleSimpleMenu {

public ExampleSimpleMenu() {
final Window w;
final VBox x;
final Label l;
final Menu fileMenu, editMenu, viewMenu;
final MenuItem fileNew, fileMenuItem, editMenuItem, viewMenuItem;
final MenuBar menuBar;

/*
* Begin with the standard VBox in a Window setup:
*/

w = new Window();
w.setTitle("JavaGNOME Example - ");
x = new VBox(false, 3);
w.add(x);

l = new Label("Select an action in a menu");
l.setWidthChars(30);
l.setAlignment(0.0f, 0.5f);

/*
* Most applications will use several Menus in a MenuBar:
*/
fileMenu = new Menu();
editMenu = new Menu();
viewMenu = new Menu();

/*
* Now you can add MenuItems to the "file" Menu.
*/
fileNew = new MenuItem("_New");
fileMenu.append(fileNew);

/*
* Usually you will want to connect to the MenuItem.Activate signal,
* that is emitted when the user "activates" the menu by either
* clicking it with the mouse or navigating to it with the keyboard
* and pressing .
*/
fileNew.connect(new MenuItem.Activate() {

public void onActivate(MenuItem source) {
l.setLabel("You have selected File->New menu.");
}
});

/*
* Given that in most cases you will connect to the MenuItem.Activate
* signal on MenuItems, a convenience constructor is provided:
*/
fileMenu.append(new MenuItem("_Save", new MenuItem.Activate() {

public void onActivate(MenuItem source) {
l.setLabel("You have selected File->Save.");
}
}));

/*
* A SeparatorMenuItem can be used to differentiate between unrelated
* menu options; in practise, though, only use sparingly.
*/
fileMenu.append(new SeparatorMenuItem());

fileMenu.append(new ImageMenuItem(Stock.CLOSE, new MenuItem.Activate() {

public void onActivate(MenuItem source) {
l.setLabel("You have selected File->Close.");
}
}));
fileMenu.append(new MenuItem("_Quit", new MenuItem.Activate() {

public void onActivate(MenuItem source) {
Gtk.mainQuit();
}
}));

/*
* And now add the items making up the "edit" Menu.
*/
editMenu.append(new MenuItem("_Copy", new MenuItem.Activate() {

public void onActivate(MenuItem source) {
l.setLabel("You have selected Edit->Copy.");
}
}));
editMenu.append(new MenuItem("_Paste", new MenuItem.Activate() {

public void onActivate(MenuItem source) {
l.setLabel("You have selected Edit->Paste.");
}
}));

/*
* CheckMenuItems hold a boolean state. One use is to allow users to
* hide some parts of the GUI, as in this example which we put into
* the "view" Menu:
*/
viewMenu.append(new CheckMenuItem("Hide _text", new CheckMenuItem.Toggled() {

public void onToggled(CheckMenuItem source) {
if (source.getActive()) {
l.hide();
} else {
l.show();
}
}
}));

/*
* A MenuItem can have a "sub-menu", that will be expanded when the
* user puts the mouse pointer over it. This is also used in creating
* the elements for the top level MenuBar, but you can use it within
* normal Menus as well. That said, submenus of Menus are considered
* less "discoverable" because the user has to navigate through the
* hierarchy to find out what options are available to them, rather
* than seeing them at first glance.
*/
fileMenuItem = new MenuItem("_File");
fileMenuItem.setSubmenu(fileMenu);
editMenuItem = new MenuItem("_Edit");
editMenuItem.setSubmenu(editMenu);
viewMenuItem = new MenuItem("_View");
viewMenuItem.setSubmenu(viewMenu);

/*
* Finally, most applications make use of a MenuBar that is by
* convention located at the top of the application Window. It
* contains the top-level MenuItems.
*/
menuBar = new MenuBar();
menuBar.append(fileMenuItem);
menuBar.append(editMenuItem);
menuBar.append(viewMenuItem);

/*
* Finally, pack the Widgets into the VBox, and present:
*/
x.packStart(menuBar, false, false, 0);
x.packStart(l, false, false, 0);

w.showAll();

/*
* And that's it! One last piece of house keeping, though: it is
* always necessary to deal with the user closing (what is in this
* case) the last Window in the application; otherwise the Java VM
* will keep running even after the (sole) Window is closed - because
* the main loop never returned.
*/
w.connect(new Window.DeleteEvent() {

public boolean onDeleteEvent(Widget source, Event event) {
Gtk.mainQuit();
return false;
}
});
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
Gtk.init(args);

new ExampleSimpleMenu();

/*
* Yes, you could have written all the Window creation code here in
* main() but it is generally good practise to put that setup into a
* constructor, as we have here.
*/

Gtk.main();
}
}